food

2010 Which of the following is not an example of an internal user of a company’s financial statements? a. member of the board of directors b. department head c. stockholder d. top-level manager 2. Which of the following is the correct form of the equation that is the basis for preparing the income statement? a. Revenue = Expenses – Net Income b. Revenue – Expenses = Net Income c. Line Amount ÷ Net Sales = Common-Size Percentage d. Sales – Cost of Sales = Gross Profit 3. An external income statement must comply with the pronouncements of which of the following? a. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants b. Financial Accounting Standards Board c. Percentage Change Board of Review d. a and b 4. Interpretation of data shown on a common-size income statement can be simplified by: a. zeroing out the income statement bookkeeping accounts. b. classifying dividends as a business expense. c. restating the percentages as a component of the sales dollar. d. redesigning the statement. 5. Which of the following sentences about the statement of retained earnings is true? a. It is not prepared for incorporated businesses. b. It uses common-size percentages rounded to one decimal place. c. It is never combined with the income statement. d. It may be combined with the income statement . 6. Which of the following types of ratios represent the goals of management? a. prior-period ratios b. industry ratios c. budgeted ratios d. stock valuation ratios 7. The occupancy percentage is computed by dividing: a. paid rooms occupied by rooms available. b. rooms available by paid rooms occupied. c. paid rooms occupied by net room sales. d. net room sales by paid rooms occupied. 8. Which of the following terms refers to the total labor and materials used in a production or selling process? a. benchmarks b. prime costs c. equity d. expense margin 9. The inventory turnover ratio formula uses: a. the beginning inventory amount. b. the ending inventory amount. c. the number of days in the operating year. d. an average of inventories for the period . 10. Which of the following ratios is popular with the investment community for evaluating whether a stock is reasonably priced? a. industry ratio b. return on equity ratio c. price earnings ratio d. earnings per share ratio 11. Which of the following is not a major section of a hotel’s balance sheet? a. revenue b. assets c. liabilities d. equity 12. Among current assets, cash includes all of the following except:a. checking and savings accounts. b. bank accounts with restricted use. c. certificates of deposit. d. house banks. 13. China, glassware, silver, and linen belong in which category of assets? a. inventories b. investments c. property and equipment d. other assets 14. Which of the following is true of unearned revenue? a. It is dependent upon the equity transactions that have occurred. b. It results when a hotel collects room or banquet deposits from guests before any services have been rendered. c. It may appear on a balance sheet under another name. d. b and c 15. Which of the following types of balance sheets presents data for two or more periods? a. comparative b. common-size c. account format d. report format 16. Which of the following ratios indicates the ability of a company to meet its short-term obligations? a. current ratio b. debt-to-equity ratio c. fixed asset turnover ratio d. return on shareholders’ equity ratio 17. The fixed asset turnover ratio requires the use of which of the following financial statements? a. income statement b. working capital worksheet c. balance sheet d. a and c For questions 18 through 20, refer to the following financial statements for the Doray Restaurant: Balance Sheet—December 31, 20X9 and 20X8 Current Assets 20X9 20X8 Cash $ 34,500 $ 30,269 Accounts Receivable 1,450 1,897 Food Inventory 4,100 1,850 Supplies Inventory 3,900 3,100 Prepaid Expenses 2,600 2,460 Total Current Assets 46,550 39,576 Property and Equipment Total 146,300 146,493 Less Accumulated Depreciation 35,000 29,000 Net Property and Equipment 111,300 117,493 Other Assets 4,500 5,000 Total Assets $ 162,350 $162,069 Current Liabilities 36,350 28,536 Long-Term Liabilities 40,000 46,000 Total Liabilities 76,350 74,536 Total Shareholders’ Equity 86,000 87,533 Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 162,350 $ 162,069 Income Statement—For the year ended December 31, 20X9 Net Revenue $ 173,000 Cost of Food Sold 58,960 Gross Profit 114,040 Total Operating Expenses 76,793 Income before Fixed Charges and Income Taxes 37,247 Total Fixed Costs 20,400 Income before Income Taxes 16,847 Income Taxes 1,200 Net Income $ 15,647 18. The current ratio is: a. 1.64. b. 1.28. c. .78. d. .61. 19. The quick ratio is: a. .88. b. .99. c. 1.11. d. 1.28. 20. The accounts receivable turnover ratio is: a. .03. b. 9.3. c. 103.3. d. 119.3. 21. Which of the following types of ratios represent the goals of management? a. prior-period ratios b. industry ratios c. budgeted ratios d. stock valuation ratios 22. The occupancy percentage is computed by dividing: a. paid rooms occupied by rooms available. b. rooms available by paid rooms occupied. c. paid rooms occupied by net room sales. d. net room sales by paid rooms occupied. 23. Which of the following terms refers to the total labor and materials used in a production or selling process? a. benchmarks b. prime costs c. equity d. expense margin 24. The inventory turnover ratio formula uses: a. the beginning inventory amount. b. the ending inventory amount. c. the number of days in the operating year. d. an average of inventories for the period. 25. Which of the following ratios is popular with the investment community for evaluating whether a stock is reasonably priced? a. industry ratio b. return on equity ratio c. price earnings ratio d. earnings per share ratio – Show quoted text –

2010 Which of the following is not an example of an internal user of a company’s financial statements? a. member of the board of directors b. department head c. stockholder d. top-level manager 2. Which of the following is the correct form of the equation that is the basis for preparing the income statement? a. Revenue = Expenses – Net Income b. Revenue – Expenses = Net Income c. Line Amount ÷ Net Sales = Common-Size Percentage d. Sales – Cost of Sales = Gross Profit 3. An external income statement must comply with the pronouncements of which of the following? a. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants b. Financial Accounting Standards Board c. Percentage Change Board of Review d. a and b 4. Interpretation of data shown on a common-size income statement can be simplified by: a. zeroing out the income statement bookkeeping accounts. b. classifying dividends as a business expense. c. restating the percentages as a component of the sales dollar. d. redesigning the statement. 5. Which of the following sentences about the statement of retained earnings is true? a. It is not prepared for incorporated businesses. b. It uses common-size percentages rounded to one decimal place. c. It is never combined with the income statement. d. It may be combined with the income statement . 6. Which of the following types of ratios represent the goals of management? a. prior-period ratios b. industry ratios c. budgeted ratios d. stock valuation ratios 7. The occupancy percentage is computed by dividing: a. paid rooms occupied by rooms available. b. rooms available by paid rooms occupied. c. paid rooms occupied by net room sales. d. net room sales by paid rooms occupied. 8. Which of the following terms refers to the total labor and materials used in a production or selling process? a. benchmarks b. prime costs c. equity d. expense margin 9. The inventory turnover ratio formula uses: a. the beginning inventory amount. b. the ending inventory amount. c. the number of days in the operating year. d. an average of inventories for the period . 10. Which of the following ratios is popular with the investment community for evaluating whether a stock is reasonably priced? a. industry ratio b. return on equity ratio c. price earnings ratio d. earnings per share ratio 11. Which of the following is not a major section of a hotel’s balance sheet? a. revenue b. assets c. liabilities d. equity 12. Among current assets, cash includes all of the following except:a. checking and savings accounts. b. bank accounts with restricted use. c. certificates of deposit. d. house banks. 13. China, glassware, silver, and linen belong in which category of assets? a. inventories b. investments c. property and equipment d. other assets 14. Which of the following is true of unearned revenue? a. It is dependent upon the equity transactions that have occurred. b. It results when a hotel collects room or banquet deposits from guests before any services have been rendered. c. It may appear on a balance sheet under another name. d. b and c 15. Which of the following types of balance sheets presents data for two or more periods? a. comparative b. common-size c. account format d. report format 16. Which of the following ratios indicates the ability of a company to meet its short-term obligations? a. current ratio b. debt-to-equity ratio c. fixed asset turnover ratio d. return on shareholders’ equity ratio 17. The fixed asset turnover ratio requires the use of which of the following financial statements? a. income statement b. working capital worksheet c. balance sheet d. a and c For questions 18 through 20, refer to the following financial statements for the Doray Restaurant: Balance Sheet—December 31, 20X9 and 20X8 Current Assets 20X9 20X8 Cash $ 34,500 $ 30,269 Accounts Receivable 1,450 1,897 Food Inventory 4,100 1,850 Supplies Inventory 3,900 3,100 Prepaid Expenses 2,600 2,460 Total Current Assets 46,550 39,576 Property and Equipment Total 146,300 146,493 Less Accumulated Depreciation 35,000 29,000 Net Property and Equipment 111,300 117,493 Other Assets 4,500 5,000 Total Assets $ 162,350 $162,069 Current Liabilities 36,350 28,536 Long-Term Liabilities 40,000 46,000 Total Liabilities 76,350 74,536 Total Shareholders’ Equity 86,000 87,533 Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 162,350 $ 162,069 Income Statement—For the year ended December 31, 20X9 Net Revenue $ 173,000 Cost of Food Sold 58,960 Gross Profit 114,040 Total Operating Expenses 76,793 Income before Fixed Charges and Income Taxes 37,247 Total Fixed Costs 20,400 Income before Income Taxes 16,847 Income Taxes 1,200 Net Income $ 15,647 18. The current ratio is: a. 1.64. b. 1.28. c. .78. d. .61. 19. The quick ratio is: a. .88. b. .99. c. 1.11. d. 1.28. 20. The accounts receivable turnover ratio is: a. .03. b. 9.3. c. 103.3. d. 119.3. 21. Which of the following types of ratios represent the goals of management? a. prior-period ratios b. industry ratios c. budgeted ratios d. stock valuation ratios 22. The occupancy percentage is computed by dividing: a. paid rooms occupied by rooms available. b. rooms available by paid rooms occupied. c. paid rooms occupied by net room sales. d. net room sales by paid rooms occupied. 23. Which of the following terms refers to the total labor and materials used in a production or selling process? a. benchmarks b. prime costs c. equity d. expense margin 24. The inventory turnover ratio formula uses: a. the beginning inventory amount. b. the ending inventory amount. c. the number of days in the operating year. d. an average of inventories for the period. 25. Which of the following ratios is popular with the investment community for evaluating whether a stock is reasonably priced? a. industry ratio b. return on equity ratio c. price earnings ratio d. earnings per share ratio – Show quoted text –

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Chapter 04 Homework Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Activity: Investigating Survivorship Curves Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A Which of these species typically has a mortality rate that remains fairly constant over an individual’s life span? ANSWER: Correct The mortality rate of robins remains relatively constant throughout their life span. Part B Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of _____. ANSWER: Correct Young oysters have a very high mortality rate; older oysters have a much lower mortality rate. Thus, most oyster populations consist primarily of older individuals. Part C Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of oysters? ANSWER: grasses oysters elephants robins humans juveniles adults prereproductive oysters larval and juvenile oysters larvae Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Correct Grasses, like oysters, have a relatively high mortality rate early in their life span, after which the mortality rate decreases. Part D Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of humans? ANSWER: Correct The mortality rate of elephants, like that of humans, remains relatively low for much of their life span and then dramatically increases for older individuals. BioFlix Quiz: Population Ecology Watch the animation at left before answering the questions below. cats robins elephants grasses humans cats oysters grasses robins elephants Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Part A An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Populations grow exponentially with unlimited resources. Part B The maximum population a habitat can support is its Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Part C Logistic growth involves Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Both exponential growth and logistic growth. Population crashes. Exponential growth. Logistic growth. Neither exponential growth nor logistic growth. Logistic growth. Death rate. Birth rate. Carrying capacity. Exponential growth. A population crash. Population growth continuing forever. Population growth reaching carrying capacity and then speeding up. Population size decreasing to zero. Population growth slowing down as the population approaches carrying capacity. Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Correct Part D In exponential growth Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Part E Which of the following would NOT cause population size to decrease? Hint 1. Review the animation. ANSWER: Correct An increased birth rate would cause population size to increase. BioFlix Activity: Photosynthesis — Inputs and Outputs Can you fill in the photosynthesis equation? To review photosynthesis, watch this BioFlix animation: Photosynthesis. Part A – Photosynthesis equation Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis. ANSWER: Population size grows more and more slowly as the population gets bigger. Population size grows faster and faster as the population gets bigger. Population size stays constant. Population growth slows as the population gets close to its carrying capacity. None of these are correct. Increased death rate A exponentially growing population outgrowing its food supply and crashing Poor weather, resulting in less food being available Increase in the number of predators Increased birth rate Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis — Energy Flow Can you identify how energy flows through an ecosystem? To review energy flow in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A – Energy flow through an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how energy flows through an ecosystem. ANSWER: BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis — Chemical Cycling Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Can you identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem? To review the chemical inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A – Chemical cycling in an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem. ANSWER: BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration — Inputs and Outputs Can you fill in the cellular respiration equation? To review cellular respiration, watch this BioFlix animation: Cellular Respiration. Part A – Cellular respiration equation Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. ANSWER: Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Population Ecology — Types of Population Growth Can you identify the different ways in which populations grow? To review types of population growth, watch this BioFlix animation: Population Ecology. Part A – Types of population growth Drag the correct label under each graph to identify the type of population growth shown. ANSWER: Concept Review: Calculating Doubling Time Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 7 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Can you calculate doubling times and growth rates for exponentially growing populations? Remember that the doubling time (in years) for an exponentially growing population is estimated by dividing 70 by the growth rate of the population (as a percentage): Doubling time (in years) = 70 / annual growth rate (%) Part A Drag the values on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all values will be used. ANSWER: Concept Review: Calculating Population Growth Rates Populations grow larger from births and immigration and grow smaller from deaths and emigration. The growth rate for a population is determined by adding the birth rate and the immigration rate, and then subtracting the death rate and the emigration rate (all rates expressed as the number per 1,000 individuals per year): (birth rate + immigration rate) (death rate + emigration rate) = growth rate Positive population growth rates lead to population increases, and negative population growth rates lead to population declines. Part A Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 14 per 1,000/year Death rate = 6 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 5 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 1 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part B Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: 4 per 1,000/year 12 per 1,000/year 14 per 1,000/year 26 per 1,000/year Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 8 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Birth rate = 11 per 1,000/year Death rate = 10 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 4 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part C Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 10 per 1,000/year Death rate = 12 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 2 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part D This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Part E This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Part F This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Concept Review: Levels of Ecological Organization Can you identify the example that corresponds to each level of ecological organization? Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate targets in the table. ANSWER: 0 per 1,000/year 2 per 1,000/year 14 per 1,000/year 28 per 1,000/year 3 per 1,000/year 1 per 1,000/year 17 per 1,000/year 27 per 1,000/year Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 9 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Mechanisms of Evolution — Natural Selection: Pesticides Can you identify the process by which natural selection acts on an insect population exposed to pesticides? To review the process of natural selection, watch this BioFlix animation: Mechanisms of Evolution: Natural Selection. Part A – Natural selection: Pesticides Drag the labels onto the flowchart to place them in the correct sequence. ANSWER: Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 10 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM ABC News Video: Protecting the Galapagos Islands Watch the ABC News video (2:07 minutes). Then answer the questions below. Part A Where are the Galapagos Islands located? ANSWER: Part B Which of the following sets of animals are likely to be found on the Galapagos Islands? ANSWER: near the tip of South Africa northeast of Australia along the Great Barrier Reef 600 miles west of Ecuador, near the equator in the Mediterranean Sea, as part of the Greek Islands frogs, lungfish, mountain goats tortoises, finches, blue-footed boobies ostriches, cougars, porcupines beaver, snakes, armadillos Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 11 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Part C Which species is threatening the natural wildlife on the Galapagos Islands? ANSWER: Part D The Galapagos Islands were the first place on Earth to _____. ANSWER: Part E Tourism on the Galapagos Islands is being restricted by requiring tourists to _____. ANSWER: Current Events: A Surplus Washington Could Do Without: A Capital Park’s Rapacious Deer (New York Times, 2/28/2012) Read this New York Times article and then answer the questions. A Surplus Washington Could Do Without: A Capital Park’s Rapacious Deer (2/28/2012) Registration with The New York Times provides instant access to breaking news on NYTimes.com. To register, go to http://www.nytimes.com/register. Visit http://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/terms/terms-of-service.html to review the current NYT Terms of Service. Part A Which of the following is true? ANSWER: Part B What predator currently feeds on deer in Rock Creek Park? humans zebra mussels Asian carp mountain lions suffer the complete extinction of all native species be declared off-limits to all humans be declared a world heritage site be invaded by human-introduced species visit each island in groups of only ten individuals at a time view the islands only from the water be escorted by trained guides at all times stay at least 100 feet away from all animals on the islands Deer have always been a problem in Rock Creek Park. Deer are not a problem in Rock Creek Park. Deer are not native to Rock Creek Park, and have been a problem since they were introduced in 1952. Deer were once absent from Rock Creek Park, and have only become a problem in the last 20 years. Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 12 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM ANSWER: Part C Why isn’t the deer population controlled by hunting in Rock Creek Park? ANSWER: Part D It is hoped that the deer herd can be reduced by how much? ANSWER: Part E Which of the following is true? ANSWER: Part F Because the park is changing in response to the increasing deer population, this is an example of ______________. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 21.2%. You received 9.1 out of a possible total of 43 points. There are no predators of deer in Rock Creek Park. mountain lion coyote wolf Hunting has been attempted in the park, but the trees are too thick. Hunting is prohibited in the park. There is no public interest in hunting in the park. Deer are a protected species. one-quarter one-half three-quarters the entire herd Animals cannot be killed on federally managed public lands. Only Congress can decide to have animals killed on federally managed public lands. The federal agency in charge of management of the land in question decides if animals should be killed. Only the National Park Service can decide to have animals killed on federally managed public lands. succession artificial selection recession progression Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 13 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM

Chapter 04 Homework Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Activity: Investigating Survivorship Curves Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions. Part A Which of these species typically has a mortality rate that remains fairly constant over an individual’s life span? ANSWER: Correct The mortality rate of robins remains relatively constant throughout their life span. Part B Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of ___. ANSWER: Correct Young oysters have a very high mortality rate; older oysters have a much lower mortality rate. Thus, most oyster populations consist primarily of older individuals. Part C Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of oysters? ANSWER: grasses oysters elephants robins humans juveniles adults prereproductive oysters larval and juvenile oysters larvae Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Correct Grasses, like oysters, have a relatively high mortality rate early in their life span, after which the mortality rate decreases. Part D Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of humans? ANSWER: Correct The mortality rate of elephants, like that of humans, remains relatively low for much of their life span and then dramatically increases for older individuals. BioFlix Quiz: Population Ecology Watch the animation at left before answering the questions below. cats robins elephants grasses humans cats oysters grasses robins elephants Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Part A An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Populations grow exponentially with unlimited resources. Part B The maximum population a habitat can support is its Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Part C Logistic growth involves Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Both exponential growth and logistic growth. Population crashes. Exponential growth. Logistic growth. Neither exponential growth nor logistic growth. Logistic growth. Death rate. Birth rate. Carrying capacity. Exponential growth. A population crash. Population growth continuing forever. Population growth reaching carrying capacity and then speeding up. Population size decreasing to zero. Population growth slowing down as the population approaches carrying capacity. Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Correct Part D In exponential growth Hint 1. Review the animation or your Study Sheet for Population Ecology ANSWER: Correct Part E Which of the following would NOT cause population size to decrease? Hint 1. Review the animation. ANSWER: Correct An increased birth rate would cause population size to increase. BioFlix Activity: Photosynthesis — Inputs and Outputs Can you fill in the photosynthesis equation? To review photosynthesis, watch this BioFlix animation: Photosynthesis. Part A – Photosynthesis equation Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis. ANSWER: Population size grows more and more slowly as the population gets bigger. Population size grows faster and faster as the population gets bigger. Population size stays constant. Population growth slows as the population gets close to its carrying capacity. None of these are correct. Increased death rate A exponentially growing population outgrowing its food supply and crashing Poor weather, resulting in less food being available Increase in the number of predators Increased birth rate Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis — Energy Flow Can you identify how energy flows through an ecosystem? To review energy flow in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A – Energy flow through an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how energy flows through an ecosystem. ANSWER: BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis — Chemical Cycling Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Can you identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem? To review the chemical inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, watch these BioFlix animations: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. Part A – Chemical cycling in an ecosystem Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify how chemicals cycle in an ecosystem. ANSWER: BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration — Inputs and Outputs Can you fill in the cellular respiration equation? To review cellular respiration, watch this BioFlix animation: Cellular Respiration. Part A – Cellular respiration equation Drag the labels onto the equation to identify the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. ANSWER: Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Population Ecology — Types of Population Growth Can you identify the different ways in which populations grow? To review types of population growth, watch this BioFlix animation: Population Ecology. Part A – Types of population growth Drag the correct label under each graph to identify the type of population growth shown. ANSWER: Concept Review: Calculating Doubling Time Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 7 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Can you calculate doubling times and growth rates for exponentially growing populations? Remember that the doubling time (in years) for an exponentially growing population is estimated by dividing 70 by the growth rate of the population (as a percentage): Doubling time (in years) = 70 / annual growth rate (%) Part A Drag the values on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all values will be used. ANSWER: Concept Review: Calculating Population Growth Rates Populations grow larger from births and immigration and grow smaller from deaths and emigration. The growth rate for a population is determined by adding the birth rate and the immigration rate, and then subtracting the death rate and the emigration rate (all rates expressed as the number per 1,000 individuals per year): (birth rate + immigration rate) (death rate + emigration rate) = growth rate Positive population growth rates lead to population increases, and negative population growth rates lead to population declines. Part A Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 14 per 1,000/year Death rate = 6 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 5 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 1 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part B Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: 4 per 1,000/year 12 per 1,000/year 14 per 1,000/year 26 per 1,000/year Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 8 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Birth rate = 11 per 1,000/year Death rate = 10 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 4 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part C Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 10 per 1,000/year Death rate = 12 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 2 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population? ANSWER: Part D This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Part E This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Part F This question will be shown after you complete previous question(s). Concept Review: Levels of Ecological Organization Can you identify the example that corresponds to each level of ecological organization? Part A Drag the labels to the appropriate targets in the table. ANSWER: 0 per 1,000/year 2 per 1,000/year 14 per 1,000/year 28 per 1,000/year 3 per 1,000/year 1 per 1,000/year 17 per 1,000/year 27 per 1,000/year Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 9 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM BioFlix Activity: Mechanisms of Evolution — Natural Selection: Pesticides Can you identify the process by which natural selection acts on an insect population exposed to pesticides? To review the process of natural selection, watch this BioFlix animation: Mechanisms of Evolution: Natural Selection. Part A – Natural selection: Pesticides Drag the labels onto the flowchart to place them in the correct sequence. ANSWER: Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 10 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM ABC News Video: Protecting the Galapagos Islands Watch the ABC News video (2:07 minutes). Then answer the questions below. Part A Where are the Galapagos Islands located? ANSWER: Part B Which of the following sets of animals are likely to be found on the Galapagos Islands? ANSWER: near the tip of South Africa northeast of Australia along the Great Barrier Reef 600 miles west of Ecuador, near the equator in the Mediterranean Sea, as part of the Greek Islands frogs, lungfish, mountain goats tortoises, finches, blue-footed boobies ostriches, cougars, porcupines beaver, snakes, armadillos Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 11 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM Part C Which species is threatening the natural wildlife on the Galapagos Islands? ANSWER: Part D The Galapagos Islands were the first place on Earth to _. ANSWER: Part E Tourism on the Galapagos Islands is being restricted by requiring tourists to _. ANSWER: Current Events: A Surplus Washington Could Do Without: A Capital Park’s Rapacious Deer (New York Times, 2/28/2012) Read this New York Times article and then answer the questions. A Surplus Washington Could Do Without: A Capital Park’s Rapacious Deer (2/28/2012) Registration with The New York Times provides instant access to breaking news on NYTimes.com. To register, go to http://www.nytimes.com/register. Visit http://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/terms/terms-of-service.html to review the current NYT Terms of Service. Part A Which of the following is true? ANSWER: Part B What predator currently feeds on deer in Rock Creek Park? humans zebra mussels Asian carp mountain lions suffer the complete extinction of all native species be declared off-limits to all humans be declared a world heritage site be invaded by human-introduced species visit each island in groups of only ten individuals at a time view the islands only from the water be escorted by trained guides at all times stay at least 100 feet away from all animals on the islands Deer have always been a problem in Rock Creek Park. Deer are not a problem in Rock Creek Park. Deer are not native to Rock Creek Park, and have been a problem since they were introduced in 1952. Deer were once absent from Rock Creek Park, and have only become a problem in the last 20 years. Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 12 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM ANSWER: Part C Why isn’t the deer population controlled by hunting in Rock Creek Park? ANSWER: Part D It is hoped that the deer herd can be reduced by how much? ANSWER: Part E Which of the following is true? ANSWER: Part F Because the park is changing in response to the increasing deer population, this is an example of ____________. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 21.2%. You received 9.1 out of a possible total of 43 points. There are no predators of deer in Rock Creek Park. mountain lion coyote wolf Hunting has been attempted in the park, but the trees are too thick. Hunting is prohibited in the park. There is no public interest in hunting in the park. Deer are a protected species. one-quarter one-half three-quarters the entire herd Animals cannot be killed on federally managed public lands. Only Congress can decide to have animals killed on federally managed public lands. The federal agency in charge of management of the land in question decides if animals should be killed. Only the National Park Service can decide to have animals killed on federally managed public lands. succession artificial selection recession progression Chapter 04 Homework http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 13 of 13 5/21/2014 7:59 PM

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For this assignment, you will compose a letter designed to recruit students to join and support the agenda of one of three nonexistent student organizations that, were they to exist, would likely be very unpopular. The student organization for which you will be recruiting is determined by your last name: The first letter of your last name is… Your student organization assignment is… A – F The SETS Collective: SETS (Skip the Elevator, Take the Stairs) is dedicated to energy conservation on campus, particularly by eliminating elevator usage by pedestrians in any buildings on the UT-Austin campus. G – N O – Z Your recruiting letter must include eight (8) different persuasive strategies. Each strategy must be used in the service of encouraging students to join the organization and/or endorse its cause. In addition to your recruiting letter, you will also submit a commentary describing the different strategies you used in the recruiting letter. In this course, we utilize the TurnItIn tool. This service helps educators prevent plagiarism by detecting unoriginal content in student papers. In addition to acting as a plagiarism deterrent, it also has features designed to aid in educating students about plagiarism and importance of proper attribution of any borrowed content. For more information, please visit http://turnitin.com/. Below are a series of requirements for the paper assignment. Failure to satisfy these requirements will result in substantial point penalties. Also, failure to abide by the academic honesty policy described in the syllabus and maintained by the CMS department, the Moody College of Communication, and/or The University of Texas will result in a grade of F on the assignment and referral to the Dean of Students. Assignment Requirements • You must portray yourself as a recruiting officer (or Secretary of Recruitment) – not the President, VP, etc. – of the organization described in your letter. As a recruiting officer, you are not authorized to offer any rewards or bribes (gifts in the form of sports tickets, free meals, etc.) to people as an incentive to join the organization, nor are you allowed to make up fictional incentives (e.g., OBC students will enjoy an opportunity to participate in international conferences). Your letter should focus exclusively on the merits of joining the organization based on commitment to its cause. • Assume that organization has just been formed – i.e., do not portray it as having existed prior to the Spring of 2017. • You may also assume that there are currently only three members of the organization, the president, vice-president, and yourself (the Secretary of Recruitment). You CANNOT claim that there are “many members.” • You must use the following format for the recruiting letter AND the commentary: 12-point Times New Roman font, single-spaced (NOT double-spaced) on 8.5 X 11-inch white paper with 1-inch margins on all sides. • The recruiting letter must be no shorter than 2 nor longer than 3 pages; the commentary must be no longer than 2 pages. • Your recruiting letter must include only 8 (eight) DIFFERENT strategies discussed in the lectures and/or readings. You may use any principle/theory we have discussed EXCEPT for balance theory (which is too obvious) or deception (which isn’t persuasion per se). • Your commentary must identify the name OR what you did for of each strategy (e.g., Door In Face or Foot In The Door) used in your letter and describe the specific purpose(s) the strategy was used to achieve. At a minimum, your description of each strategy should consist of at least two complete sentences (16 sentences total). • Each strategy explanation in your commentary should be bulleted or numbered for easy identification • You may not lie under any circumstances. Lies include falsifications and/or distortions of the truth about the student organization (e.g., SURF is endorsed by the Fellowship of Christian Athletes). Also, you may not offer recruits bribes in any form (tickets, discounts, free food, cash, etc.) as an incentive for joining the organization. • Your completed assignment (recruiting letter + commentary) must be turned in on April 13th (a Thursday) at or before 9:30 a.m. Grading Rubric We will use the following rubric to evaluate and grade your letter + commentary. Assignment Component Possible Points Obtained Points Format, Spelling, Grammar, Coherence Are the letter and commentary written in the proper format? Do they consist of grammatical, coherent English sentences? Has the assignment been spell-checked? 4 Strategy 1 Example/Commentary Is the example an acceptable instance of the strategy? Is it different from the other strategies used? Is the strategy correctly identified and adequately explained in the commentary? 2 Strategy 2 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 3 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 4 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 5 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 6 Example/ Commentary 2 Strategy 7 Example/ Commentary 2 Strategy 8 Example/ Commentary 2 Lies/Deception/Bribes (-3 pts per instance) -3 (per instance) Total Score 20 Cannot use strategy of Balance Theory, Lie Write a persuasive essay and a commentary Commentary is about 8 strategies in letter • 8 bullets separate from the letter “foot-in-the-door” – “door-in-the-face” (rejection then retreat) o 1. Make a large (but reasonable) request to target  World you lend me $50? o 2. After request is rejected, make a smaller request  Well then, could you lend me $10? o Creating a “big” favor out of thin air! “low-balling” • An advantage is offered that induces a favorable purchase decision. Then, sometime after the decision has been made, but before the bargain is sealed, the original purchase buyer is deftly removed. 1.) Loss framing: Loss aversion 2.) Restriction: scarcity 3.) Positive self-feeling: Principle commitment 4.) Identification: Social Proof 5.) “Using Rhymes” is what you would write instead of Stroop effect: Fluency 6.) Virtual ownership: Endowment effect 7.) That’s not all: reciprocity 8.) Flattery: Likability 9.) Expertise strategy: Authority principle 10.) Inducing dissonance reduction: Norm of consistency 11.) Conformity concession: social proof 12.) Association similarity: Liking & Association principle Strategies – Use 8 (Cannot use Balance Theory or deception) Strategy Principle Sources/Notes Door in the Face Reciprocity 9/16 lecture Foot in the Door Consistency Norm 9/30 lecture That’s not all Reciprocity 9/16 lecture Flattery Likability Could someone give an example for Flattery?! I’m a little stuck… “Providing a statistic” Social Proof? why is this yellow? What principle is this? How did you use this as a strategy?? plz help AUTHORITY it depends how you use it ID-ing yourself as a student Likability <in cialdini chapter 5 they are talked about as 2 different things, so if you can argue it your way,Cialdini can support it what is the strategy for this? Perceptual Contrast What is this for? Low-Balling Might be considered lying. Soft-Sell Humor appeal did anyone use this?? Anyone??? What principle is this? Hard-sell ???????? Seek-and-Hide Fear Appeal ???? What principle does this fall under???? Pump and Dump social proof 10/9 lecture Bait-and-switch this kind of seems like deception, can we use it? Moral Appeal Commitment Rebecca’s Lecture 10/2 Voluntary instead of Mandatory Consistency Norm 9/30 lecture herd mentality social proof 10/14 lecture Loss framing Loss Aversion Endowment Effect this is a principle FYI Mere ownership Scarcity Dissonance Reduction Positive/negative self feelings Commitment to gain compliance Rebecca’s Lecture Principles Name STRATEGIES/Ideas Source/Notes Reciprocity That’s not all! Likability/Association Flattery, agreeing with said person, state similar social standings, “work with” them, show evidence of “good things” likeability/association ppt Consistency/Commitment Foot in the door, positive self-feelings, moral appeal, Social Proof/Conformity norm works when someone is uncertain about the right thing to do, and when the person they are watching is similar to them. Provide target with “evidence” that compliance is a common/frequent response among desired social group “we made other people happy, we’ll make you happy too” Priming the pump (tip jar example) Pump and dump (Scam, could be considered deception) Conformity and social proff ppt Authority Wearing a uniform, Titles, books, diplomas, awards, success, using a spokesperson, Scarcity/Supply and demand “Only a certain number of students allowed in” “only for college students” “Exclusive except to X” “Only a certain number of seats” Scarcity ppt Psychological Reactance Restricting access, censoring something, implying scarcity, Scarcity ppt Attractiveness Similarity Mentioning you are a student Perceptual Contrast Loss aversion gain or loss framing Scarcity ppt Balance Theory We aren’t allowed to use this Judgement Heuristic Price = product quality Use of long unfamilar words = intelligence fluency = trustworthinesss Fluency ppt Availability Heuristic Can you think of one example (out of ten) (for us) vs Can you think of then for the competitor - here’s our ten. Fluency ppt

For this assignment, you will compose a letter designed to recruit students to join and support the agenda of one of three nonexistent student organizations that, were they to exist, would likely be very unpopular. The student organization for which you will be recruiting is determined by your last name: The first letter of your last name is… Your student organization assignment is… A – F The SETS Collective: SETS (Skip the Elevator, Take the Stairs) is dedicated to energy conservation on campus, particularly by eliminating elevator usage by pedestrians in any buildings on the UT-Austin campus. G – N O – Z Your recruiting letter must include eight (8) different persuasive strategies. Each strategy must be used in the service of encouraging students to join the organization and/or endorse its cause. In addition to your recruiting letter, you will also submit a commentary describing the different strategies you used in the recruiting letter. In this course, we utilize the TurnItIn tool. This service helps educators prevent plagiarism by detecting unoriginal content in student papers. In addition to acting as a plagiarism deterrent, it also has features designed to aid in educating students about plagiarism and importance of proper attribution of any borrowed content. For more information, please visit http://turnitin.com/. Below are a series of requirements for the paper assignment. Failure to satisfy these requirements will result in substantial point penalties. Also, failure to abide by the academic honesty policy described in the syllabus and maintained by the CMS department, the Moody College of Communication, and/or The University of Texas will result in a grade of F on the assignment and referral to the Dean of Students. Assignment Requirements • You must portray yourself as a recruiting officer (or Secretary of Recruitment) – not the President, VP, etc. – of the organization described in your letter. As a recruiting officer, you are not authorized to offer any rewards or bribes (gifts in the form of sports tickets, free meals, etc.) to people as an incentive to join the organization, nor are you allowed to make up fictional incentives (e.g., OBC students will enjoy an opportunity to participate in international conferences). Your letter should focus exclusively on the merits of joining the organization based on commitment to its cause. • Assume that organization has just been formed – i.e., do not portray it as having existed prior to the Spring of 2017. • You may also assume that there are currently only three members of the organization, the president, vice-president, and yourself (the Secretary of Recruitment). You CANNOT claim that there are “many members.” • You must use the following format for the recruiting letter AND the commentary: 12-point Times New Roman font, single-spaced (NOT double-spaced) on 8.5 X 11-inch white paper with 1-inch margins on all sides. • The recruiting letter must be no shorter than 2 nor longer than 3 pages; the commentary must be no longer than 2 pages. • Your recruiting letter must include only 8 (eight) DIFFERENT strategies discussed in the lectures and/or readings. You may use any principle/theory we have discussed EXCEPT for balance theory (which is too obvious) or deception (which isn’t persuasion per se). • Your commentary must identify the name OR what you did for of each strategy (e.g., Door In Face or Foot In The Door) used in your letter and describe the specific purpose(s) the strategy was used to achieve. At a minimum, your description of each strategy should consist of at least two complete sentences (16 sentences total). • Each strategy explanation in your commentary should be bulleted or numbered for easy identification • You may not lie under any circumstances. Lies include falsifications and/or distortions of the truth about the student organization (e.g., SURF is endorsed by the Fellowship of Christian Athletes). Also, you may not offer recruits bribes in any form (tickets, discounts, free food, cash, etc.) as an incentive for joining the organization. • Your completed assignment (recruiting letter + commentary) must be turned in on April 13th (a Thursday) at or before 9:30 a.m. Grading Rubric We will use the following rubric to evaluate and grade your letter + commentary. Assignment Component Possible Points Obtained Points Format, Spelling, Grammar, Coherence Are the letter and commentary written in the proper format? Do they consist of grammatical, coherent English sentences? Has the assignment been spell-checked? 4 Strategy 1 Example/Commentary Is the example an acceptable instance of the strategy? Is it different from the other strategies used? Is the strategy correctly identified and adequately explained in the commentary? 2 Strategy 2 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 3 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 4 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 5 Example/Commentary 2 Strategy 6 Example/ Commentary 2 Strategy 7 Example/ Commentary 2 Strategy 8 Example/ Commentary 2 Lies/Deception/Bribes (-3 pts per instance) -3 (per instance) Total Score 20 Cannot use strategy of Balance Theory, Lie Write a persuasive essay and a commentary Commentary is about 8 strategies in letter • 8 bullets separate from the letter “foot-in-the-door” – “door-in-the-face” (rejection then retreat) o 1. Make a large (but reasonable) request to target  World you lend me $50? o 2. After request is rejected, make a smaller request  Well then, could you lend me $10? o Creating a “big” favor out of thin air! “low-balling” • An advantage is offered that induces a favorable purchase decision. Then, sometime after the decision has been made, but before the bargain is sealed, the original purchase buyer is deftly removed. 1.) Loss framing: Loss aversion 2.) Restriction: scarcity 3.) Positive self-feeling: Principle commitment 4.) Identification: Social Proof 5.) “Using Rhymes” is what you would write instead of Stroop effect: Fluency 6.) Virtual ownership: Endowment effect 7.) That’s not all: reciprocity 8.) Flattery: Likability 9.) Expertise strategy: Authority principle 10.) Inducing dissonance reduction: Norm of consistency 11.) Conformity concession: social proof 12.) Association similarity: Liking & Association principle Strategies – Use 8 (Cannot use Balance Theory or deception) Strategy Principle Sources/Notes Door in the Face Reciprocity 9/16 lecture Foot in the Door Consistency Norm 9/30 lecture That’s not all Reciprocity 9/16 lecture Flattery Likability Could someone give an example for Flattery?! I’m a little stuck… “Providing a statistic” Social Proof? why is this yellow? What principle is this? How did you use this as a strategy?? plz help AUTHORITY it depends how you use it ID-ing yourself as a student Likability

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Question 1 In order to properly manage expenses, the company investigates the amount of money spent by its sales office. The below numbers are related to six randomly selected receipts provided by the staff. $147 $124 $93 $158 $164 $171 a) Calculate ̅ , s2 and s for the expense data. b) Assume that the distribution of expenses is approximately normally distributed. Calculate estimates of tolerance intervals containing 68.26 percent, 95.44 percent, and 99.73 percent of all expenses by the sales office. c) If a member of the sales office submits a receipt with the amount of $190, should this expense be considered unusually high? Explain your answer. d) Compute and interpret the z-score for each of the six expenses. Question 2 A survey presents the results of a concept study for the taste of new food. Three hundred consumers between 18 and 49 years old were randomly selected. After sampling the new cuisine, each was asked to rate the quality of food. The rating was made on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 representing “extremely agree with the quality” and with 1 representing “not at all agree with the new food.” The results obtained are given in Table 1. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer a) Would give the phrase a rating of 4. b) Would give the phrase a rating of 3 or higher. c) Is in the 18–26 age group; the 27–35 age group; the 36–49 age group. d) Is a male who gives the phrase a rating of 5. e) Is a 36- to 49-year-old who gives the phrase a rating of 2. f) Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer is a 27- to 49-year-old who gives the phrase a rating of 3. g) Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer would 1) give the phrase a rating of 2 or 4 given that the consumer is male; 2) give the phrase a rating of 4 or 5 given that the consumer is female. Based on the results of parts 1 and 2, is the appeal of the phrase among males much different from the appeal of the phrase among females? Explain. h) Give the phrase a rating of 4 or 5, 1) given that the consumer is in the 18–26 age group; 2) given that the consumer is in the 27–35 age group; 3) given that the consumer is in the 36–49 age group. Table 1. Gender Age Group Rating Total Male Female 18-26 27-35 36-49 Extremely Appealing (5) 151 68 83 48 66 37 (4) 91 51 40 36 36 19 (3) 36 21 15 9 12 15 (2) 13 7 6 4 6 3 Not at all appealing(1) 9 3 6 4 3 2 Question 3 Based on the reports provided by the brokers, it is concluded that the annual returns on common stocks are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 17.8 percent and a standard deviation of 29.3 percent. On the other hand, the company reports that the annual returns on tax-free municipal bonds are approximately normally distributed with a mean return of 4.7 percent and a standard deviation of 10.2 percent. Find the probability that a randomly selected a) Common stock will give a positive yearly return. b) Tax-free municipal bond will give a positive yearly return. c) Common stock will give more than a 13 percent return. d) Tax-free municipal bond will give more than a 11.5 percent return. e) Common stock will give a loss of at least 7 percent. f) Tax-free municipal bond will give a loss of at least 10 percent. Question 4 Based on a sample of 176 workers, it is estimated that the mean amount of paid time lost during a three-month period was 1.4 days per employee with a standard deviation of 1.3 days. It is also estimated that the mean amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period was 1.0 day per employee with a standard deviation of 1.8 days. We randomly select a sample of 100 workers. a) What is the probability that the average amount of paid time lost during a three-month period for the 100 blue-collar workers will exceed 1.5 days? Assume σ equals 1.3 days. b) What is the probability that the average amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period for the 100 workers will exceed 1.5 days? Assume σ equals 1.8 days. c) A sample of 100 workers is randomly selected. Suppose the sample mean amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period actually exceeds 1.5 days. Would it be reasonable to conclude that the mean amount of unpaid time lost has increased above the previously estimated 1.0 day? Explain. Assume σ still equals 1.8 days.

Question 1 In order to properly manage expenses, the company investigates the amount of money spent by its sales office. The below numbers are related to six randomly selected receipts provided by the staff. $147 $124 $93 $158 $164 $171 a) Calculate ̅ , s2 and s for the expense data. b) Assume that the distribution of expenses is approximately normally distributed. Calculate estimates of tolerance intervals containing 68.26 percent, 95.44 percent, and 99.73 percent of all expenses by the sales office. c) If a member of the sales office submits a receipt with the amount of $190, should this expense be considered unusually high? Explain your answer. d) Compute and interpret the z-score for each of the six expenses. Question 2 A survey presents the results of a concept study for the taste of new food. Three hundred consumers between 18 and 49 years old were randomly selected. After sampling the new cuisine, each was asked to rate the quality of food. The rating was made on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 representing “extremely agree with the quality” and with 1 representing “not at all agree with the new food.” The results obtained are given in Table 1. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer a) Would give the phrase a rating of 4. b) Would give the phrase a rating of 3 or higher. c) Is in the 18–26 age group; the 27–35 age group; the 36–49 age group. d) Is a male who gives the phrase a rating of 5. e) Is a 36- to 49-year-old who gives the phrase a rating of 2. f) Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer is a 27- to 49-year-old who gives the phrase a rating of 3. g) Estimate the probability that a randomly selected 18- to 49-year-old consumer would 1) give the phrase a rating of 2 or 4 given that the consumer is male; 2) give the phrase a rating of 4 or 5 given that the consumer is female. Based on the results of parts 1 and 2, is the appeal of the phrase among males much different from the appeal of the phrase among females? Explain. h) Give the phrase a rating of 4 or 5, 1) given that the consumer is in the 18–26 age group; 2) given that the consumer is in the 27–35 age group; 3) given that the consumer is in the 36–49 age group. Table 1. Gender Age Group Rating Total Male Female 18-26 27-35 36-49 Extremely Appealing (5) 151 68 83 48 66 37 (4) 91 51 40 36 36 19 (3) 36 21 15 9 12 15 (2) 13 7 6 4 6 3 Not at all appealing(1) 9 3 6 4 3 2 Question 3 Based on the reports provided by the brokers, it is concluded that the annual returns on common stocks are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 17.8 percent and a standard deviation of 29.3 percent. On the other hand, the company reports that the annual returns on tax-free municipal bonds are approximately normally distributed with a mean return of 4.7 percent and a standard deviation of 10.2 percent. Find the probability that a randomly selected a) Common stock will give a positive yearly return. b) Tax-free municipal bond will give a positive yearly return. c) Common stock will give more than a 13 percent return. d) Tax-free municipal bond will give more than a 11.5 percent return. e) Common stock will give a loss of at least 7 percent. f) Tax-free municipal bond will give a loss of at least 10 percent. Question 4 Based on a sample of 176 workers, it is estimated that the mean amount of paid time lost during a three-month period was 1.4 days per employee with a standard deviation of 1.3 days. It is also estimated that the mean amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period was 1.0 day per employee with a standard deviation of 1.8 days. We randomly select a sample of 100 workers. a) What is the probability that the average amount of paid time lost during a three-month period for the 100 blue-collar workers will exceed 1.5 days? Assume σ equals 1.3 days. b) What is the probability that the average amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period for the 100 workers will exceed 1.5 days? Assume σ equals 1.8 days. c) A sample of 100 workers is randomly selected. Suppose the sample mean amount of unpaid time lost during a three-month period actually exceeds 1.5 days. Would it be reasonable to conclude that the mean amount of unpaid time lost has increased above the previously estimated 1.0 day? Explain. Assume σ still equals 1.8 days.

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Chapter 06 Reading Questions Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 17 Part A Which of the following represents an example of intraspecific exploitation competition? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 3 Part A A species’s realized niche _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 2 Part A Two species of ant compete for limited resources in a front yard, until only one species is able to remain. This is an example of _____. ANSWER: Hungry and fighting for a meal, a jackal quickly consumes the carcass of a young antelope while fighting off the feeding efforts of a vulture. Two species of worker ants converge on pieces of a donut left behind from the people in the park. The leaves of the huge hickory tree overshadow the young hickory tree saplings struggling for light just below. Spotting a fresh source of grasses, the large male bison moves over to graze, pushing the smaller bison out of the way. is smaller than the fundamental niche because of the constraints of competition is broader than a species’s fundamental niche does not overlap with similar species includes environmental conditions that are not included in the fundamental niche Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 20 Part A In which of the following situations would we expect a parasite to spread the fastest? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 6 Part A Many plants have evolved adaptations to discourage herbivore feeding. Which one of the following is an example of such coevolution between bison and prairie plants? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 5 Part A When predators selectively prey on the old and sick members of a prey population, they _____. ANSWER: mutualism intraspecific competition the competitive exclusion principle niche differentiation concentrated hosts with slowly moving vectors widely dispersed hosts with rapidly moving vectors concentrated hosts with rapidly moving vectors widely dispersed hosts with slow-moving vectors the ability to regrow after a wildfire thorns the production of nutritious fruits longer and thicker roots Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 21 Part A Cattle egrets are large white birds that follow grazing cattle. The cattle disturb the grass and stir up insects upon which the egrets feed. The cattle do not seem to mind the birds and gain nothing from this relationship. This relationship between cattle and cattle egrets is a type of _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 8 Part A Which of the following is a mutualistic relationship that has a significant effect on an entire ecological community? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 7 Part A Which one of the following relationships would be considered a win/win? ANSWER: cause the overall health of the prey population to increase illustrate the process of prey switching increase the likelihood of parasitic infections of the prey cause the overall health of the prey population to decrease parasitism commensalism mimicry mutualism Polar bears are the top predator influencing the abundance of seals and sea lions in a region. Hermit crabs inhabit the abandoned shells of marine snails that died long ago. Fungus-plant root associations benefit most of the plants living in a prairie. Mosquitoes function as a vector in the widespread transmission of malaria to people living in Ecuador. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 23 Part A In examining a terrestrial food web, we expect that the _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 22 Part A Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 11 Part A The research on the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park reveals that in this ecosystem, wolves represent _____. ANSWER: mutualism predation parasitism commensalism biomass of primary consumers exceeds the biomass of producers number of secondary consumers exceeds the number of producers biomass of primary consumers exceeds the biomass of secondary consumers number of tertiary consumers exceeds the number of secondary consumers one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated All of the listed responses are correct. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 10 Part A Overhunting of deer followed by a very difficult winter caused the deer population on an island to drop by 80%. In the next two years, visitors to the island were surprised to see many young trees sprouting up at the edges of the forest. This change in the number of saplings as a result of the decline of the deer population represents _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 24 Part A The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount Saint Helens blasted away soil and produced massive mudflows that scoured the adjacent region down to bare rock. Pumice rock that covered the area is eroding down to smaller gravel. This situation represents _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 15 Part A In some ecosystems, succession increases the chance of disturbance. In these ecosystems, _____. a keystone producer a keystone herbivore a vital primary consumer a keystone predator a trophic cascade a decline in trophic level efficiency the emergence of a new ecological community a loss of a trophic level from a food web primary succession with the removal of all ecological legacies secondary succession with the removal of all ecological legacies secondary succession with several ecological legacies primary succession with several ecological legacies Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 12 Part A A forest is logged, leaving behind the seeds and saplings of many shrubs and trees. These seeds and saplings represent _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 13 Part A During primary succession, populations of different species replace one another over time because of _____. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 14 Part A Which one of the following represents a climax community in southern Alaska? ANSWER: ecosystems begin again with primary succession climax communities are expected climax communities may not occur disturbances usually result in virtually no ecological legacy ecological legacies a climax community primary succession pioneer species migration facilitation competition All of the listed responses are correct. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 9 Part A In general, _____. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 0.0%. You received 0 out of a possible total of 19 points. the group of species associated with a white spruce forest lichens and mosses that colonize exposed rock birch and alder trees herbs and a few low shrubs that replace lichens and mosses food webs usually have 8-10 trophic levels food webs are interconnected food chains food chains consist of many interrelated food webs food webs consist of either consumers or producers Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 7 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM

Chapter 06 Reading Questions Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 17 Part A Which of the following represents an example of intraspecific exploitation competition? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 3 Part A A species’s realized niche ___. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 2 Part A Two species of ant compete for limited resources in a front yard, until only one species is able to remain. This is an example of _. ANSWER: Hungry and fighting for a meal, a jackal quickly consumes the carcass of a young antelope while fighting off the feeding efforts of a vulture. Two species of worker ants converge on pieces of a donut left behind from the people in the park. The leaves of the huge hickory tree overshadow the young hickory tree saplings struggling for light just below. Spotting a fresh source of grasses, the large male bison moves over to graze, pushing the smaller bison out of the way. is smaller than the fundamental niche because of the constraints of competition is broader than a species’s fundamental niche does not overlap with similar species includes environmental conditions that are not included in the fundamental niche Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 20 Part A In which of the following situations would we expect a parasite to spread the fastest? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 6 Part A Many plants have evolved adaptations to discourage herbivore feeding. Which one of the following is an example of such coevolution between bison and prairie plants? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 5 Part A When predators selectively prey on the old and sick members of a prey population, they _. ANSWER: mutualism intraspecific competition the competitive exclusion principle niche differentiation concentrated hosts with slowly moving vectors widely dispersed hosts with rapidly moving vectors concentrated hosts with rapidly moving vectors widely dispersed hosts with slow-moving vectors the ability to regrow after a wildfire thorns the production of nutritious fruits longer and thicker roots Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 21 Part A Cattle egrets are large white birds that follow grazing cattle. The cattle disturb the grass and stir up insects upon which the egrets feed. The cattle do not seem to mind the birds and gain nothing from this relationship. This relationship between cattle and cattle egrets is a type of _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 8 Part A Which of the following is a mutualistic relationship that has a significant effect on an entire ecological community? ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 7 Part A Which one of the following relationships would be considered a win/win? ANSWER: cause the overall health of the prey population to increase illustrate the process of prey switching increase the likelihood of parasitic infections of the prey cause the overall health of the prey population to decrease parasitism commensalism mimicry mutualism Polar bears are the top predator influencing the abundance of seals and sea lions in a region. Hermit crabs inhabit the abandoned shells of marine snails that died long ago. Fungus-plant root associations benefit most of the plants living in a prairie. Mosquitoes function as a vector in the widespread transmission of malaria to people living in Ecuador. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 23 Part A In examining a terrestrial food web, we expect that the _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 22 Part A Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 11 Part A The research on the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park reveals that in this ecosystem, wolves represent _. ANSWER: mutualism predation parasitism commensalism biomass of primary consumers exceeds the biomass of producers number of secondary consumers exceeds the number of producers biomass of primary consumers exceeds the biomass of secondary consumers number of tertiary consumers exceeds the number of secondary consumers one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated All of the listed responses are correct. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 10 Part A Overhunting of deer followed by a very difficult winter caused the deer population on an island to drop by 80%. In the next two years, visitors to the island were surprised to see many young trees sprouting up at the edges of the forest. This change in the number of saplings as a result of the decline of the deer population represents _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 24 Part A The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount Saint Helens blasted away soil and produced massive mudflows that scoured the adjacent region down to bare rock. Pumice rock that covered the area is eroding down to smaller gravel. This situation represents _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 15 Part A In some ecosystems, succession increases the chance of disturbance. In these ecosystems, _. a keystone producer a keystone herbivore a vital primary consumer a keystone predator a trophic cascade a decline in trophic level efficiency the emergence of a new ecological community a loss of a trophic level from a food web primary succession with the removal of all ecological legacies secondary succession with the removal of all ecological legacies secondary succession with several ecological legacies primary succession with several ecological legacies Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 12 Part A A forest is logged, leaving behind the seeds and saplings of many shrubs and trees. These seeds and saplings represent _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 13 Part A During primary succession, populations of different species replace one another over time because of _. ANSWER: Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 14 Part A Which one of the following represents a climax community in southern Alaska? ANSWER: ecosystems begin again with primary succession climax communities are expected climax communities may not occur disturbances usually result in virtually no ecological legacy ecological legacies a climax community primary succession pioneer species migration facilitation competition All of the listed responses are correct. Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 9 Part A In general, ___. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 0.0%. You received 0 out of a possible total of 19 points. the group of species associated with a white spruce forest lichens and mosses that colonize exposed rock birch and alder trees herbs and a few low shrubs that replace lichens and mosses food webs usually have 8-10 trophic levels food webs are interconnected food chains food chains consist of many interrelated food webs food webs consist of either consumers or producers Chapter 06 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 7 of 7 5/21/2014 8:01 PM

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“No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 1 by Jennifer M. Dechaine1,2 and James E. Johnson1 1Department of Biological Sciences 2Department of Science Education Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part I – The Basic Question Introduction Imagine going out for a brisk winter snowshoe and suddenly stumbling upon hundreds of bat carcasses littering the forest floor. Unfortunately, this unsettling sight has become all too common in the United States (Figure 1). White-nose syndrome (WNS), first discovered in 2006, has now spread to 20 states and has led to the deaths of over 5.5 million bats (as of January 2012). WNS is a disease caused by the fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Bats infected with WNS develop white fuzz on their noses (Figure 2, next page) and often exhibit unnatural behavior, such as flying outside during the winter when they should be hibernating. WNS affects at least six different bat species in the United States and quickly decimates bat populations (colony mortality is commonly greater than 90%). Scientists have predicted that if deaths continue at the current rate, several bat species will become locally extinct within 20 years. Bats provide natural pest control by eating harmful insects, such as crop pests and disease carrying insect species, and losing bat populations would have devastating consequences for the U.S. economy. Researchers have sprung into action to study how bats become infected with and transmit P. destructans, but a key component of this research is determining where the fungus came from in the first place. Some have suggested that it is an invasive species from a different country while others think it is a North American fungal species that has recently become better able to cause disease. In this case study, we examine the origin of P. destructans causing WNS in North America. Some Other Important Observations • WNS was first documented at four cave sites in New York State in 2006. • The fungus can be spread among bats by direct contact or spores can be transferred between caves by humans (on clothing) or other animals. • European strains of the fungus occur in low levels across Europe but have led to few bat deaths there. • Bats with WNS frequently awake during hibernation, causing them to use important fat reserves, leading to death. No Bats in the Belfry: The Origin of White- Nose Syndrome in Little Brown Bats Figure 1. Many bats dead in winter from white-nose syndrome. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 2 Questions 1. What is the basic question of this study and why is it interesting? 2. What specific testable hypotheses can you develop to explain the observations and answer the basic question of this study? Write at least two alternative hypotheses. 3. What predictions about the effects of European strains of P. destructans on North American bats can you make if your hypotheses are correct? Write at least one prediction for each of your hypotheses. Figure 2. White fuzz on the muzzle of a little brown bat indicating infection by the disease. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 3 Part II – The Hypothesis As discussed in Part I, researchers had preliminary data suggesting that the pathogen causing WNS is an invasive fungal species (P. destructans) brought to North America from Europe. They had also observed that P. destructans occurs on European bats but rarely causes their death. Preliminary research also suggested that one reason that bats have been dying from WNS is that the disorder arouses them from hibernation, causing the bats to waste fat reserves flying during the winter when food is not readily available. These observations led researchers to speculate that European P. destructans will affect North American bat hibernation at least as severely as does North American P. destructans (Warnecke et al. 2012). Questions 1. Explicitly state the researchers’ null (H0 ) and alternative hypotheses (HA) for this study. 2. Describe an experiment you could use to differentiate between these hypotheses (H0 and HA). NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 4 Part III – Experiments and Observations In 2010, Lisa Warnecke and colleagues (2012) isolated P. destructans fungal spores from Europe and North America. They collected 54 male little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from the wild and divided these bats equally into three treatment groups. • Group 1 was inoculated with the North American P. destructans spores (NAGd treatment). • Group 2 was inoculated with the European P. destructans spores (EUGd treatment). • Group 3 was inoculated using the inoculation serum with no spores (Control treatment). All three groups were put into separate dark chambers that simulated the environmental conditions of a cave. All bats began hibernating within the first week of the study. The researchers used infrared cameras to examine the bats’ hibernation over four consecutive intervals of 26 days each. They then used the cameras to determine the total number of times a bat was aroused from hibernation during each interval. Questions 1. Use the graph below to predict what the results will look like if the null hypothesis is supported. The total arousal counts in the control treatment at each interval is graphed for you (open bars). Justifiy your predictions. 2. Use the graph below to predict what the results will look like if the null hypothesis is rejected. The total arousal counts in the control treatment at each interval is graphed for you (open bars). Justify your predictions. Null Supported Total Arousal counts Interval Null Rejected Total Arousal counts Interval NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 5 2 Credits: Title block photo by David A. Riggs (http://www.flickr.com/photos/driggs/6933593833/sizes/l/), cropped, used in accordance with CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Figure 1 photo by Kevin Wenner/Pennsylvania Game Commision (http://www. portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/901415/white-nose_kills_hundreds_of_bats_in_lackawanna_county_pdf ). Figure 2 photo courtesy of Ryan von Linden/New York Department of Environmental Conservation, http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwshq/5765048289/sizes/l/in/ set-72157626818845664/, used in accordance with CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en). Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Originally published February 6, 2014. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of this work. Part IV – Results Figure 3 (below) shows the real data from the study. There is no data for interval 4 bats that were exposed to the European P. destructans (gray bar) because all of the bats in that group died. Questions 1. How do your predictions compare with the experimental results? Be specific. 2. Do the results support or reject the null hypothesis? 3. If the European P. destructans is causing WNS in North America, how come European bats aren’t dying from the same disease? References U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. White-Nose Syndrome. Available at: http://whitenosesyndrome.org/. Last accessed December 20, 2013. Warnecke, L., et al. 2012. Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. PNAS Online Early Edition: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/ doi/10.1073/pnas.1200374109. Last accessed December 20, 2013. Figure 3. Changes in hibernation patterns in M. lucifugus following inoculation with North American P. destructans (NAGd), European P. destructans (EUGd), or the control serum. Interval Total Arousal counts

“No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 1 by Jennifer M. Dechaine1,2 and James E. Johnson1 1Department of Biological Sciences 2Department of Science Education Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part I – The Basic Question Introduction Imagine going out for a brisk winter snowshoe and suddenly stumbling upon hundreds of bat carcasses littering the forest floor. Unfortunately, this unsettling sight has become all too common in the United States (Figure 1). White-nose syndrome (WNS), first discovered in 2006, has now spread to 20 states and has led to the deaths of over 5.5 million bats (as of January 2012). WNS is a disease caused by the fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Bats infected with WNS develop white fuzz on their noses (Figure 2, next page) and often exhibit unnatural behavior, such as flying outside during the winter when they should be hibernating. WNS affects at least six different bat species in the United States and quickly decimates bat populations (colony mortality is commonly greater than 90%). Scientists have predicted that if deaths continue at the current rate, several bat species will become locally extinct within 20 years. Bats provide natural pest control by eating harmful insects, such as crop pests and disease carrying insect species, and losing bat populations would have devastating consequences for the U.S. economy. Researchers have sprung into action to study how bats become infected with and transmit P. destructans, but a key component of this research is determining where the fungus came from in the first place. Some have suggested that it is an invasive species from a different country while others think it is a North American fungal species that has recently become better able to cause disease. In this case study, we examine the origin of P. destructans causing WNS in North America. Some Other Important Observations • WNS was first documented at four cave sites in New York State in 2006. • The fungus can be spread among bats by direct contact or spores can be transferred between caves by humans (on clothing) or other animals. • European strains of the fungus occur in low levels across Europe but have led to few bat deaths there. • Bats with WNS frequently awake during hibernation, causing them to use important fat reserves, leading to death. No Bats in the Belfry: The Origin of White- Nose Syndrome in Little Brown Bats Figure 1. Many bats dead in winter from white-nose syndrome. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 2 Questions 1. What is the basic question of this study and why is it interesting? 2. What specific testable hypotheses can you develop to explain the observations and answer the basic question of this study? Write at least two alternative hypotheses. 3. What predictions about the effects of European strains of P. destructans on North American bats can you make if your hypotheses are correct? Write at least one prediction for each of your hypotheses. Figure 2. White fuzz on the muzzle of a little brown bat indicating infection by the disease. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 3 Part II – The Hypothesis As discussed in Part I, researchers had preliminary data suggesting that the pathogen causing WNS is an invasive fungal species (P. destructans) brought to North America from Europe. They had also observed that P. destructans occurs on European bats but rarely causes their death. Preliminary research also suggested that one reason that bats have been dying from WNS is that the disorder arouses them from hibernation, causing the bats to waste fat reserves flying during the winter when food is not readily available. These observations led researchers to speculate that European P. destructans will affect North American bat hibernation at least as severely as does North American P. destructans (Warnecke et al. 2012). Questions 1. Explicitly state the researchers’ null (H0 ) and alternative hypotheses (HA) for this study. 2. Describe an experiment you could use to differentiate between these hypotheses (H0 and HA). NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 4 Part III – Experiments and Observations In 2010, Lisa Warnecke and colleagues (2012) isolated P. destructans fungal spores from Europe and North America. They collected 54 male little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from the wild and divided these bats equally into three treatment groups. • Group 1 was inoculated with the North American P. destructans spores (NAGd treatment). • Group 2 was inoculated with the European P. destructans spores (EUGd treatment). • Group 3 was inoculated using the inoculation serum with no spores (Control treatment). All three groups were put into separate dark chambers that simulated the environmental conditions of a cave. All bats began hibernating within the first week of the study. The researchers used infrared cameras to examine the bats’ hibernation over four consecutive intervals of 26 days each. They then used the cameras to determine the total number of times a bat was aroused from hibernation during each interval. Questions 1. Use the graph below to predict what the results will look like if the null hypothesis is supported. The total arousal counts in the control treatment at each interval is graphed for you (open bars). Justifiy your predictions. 2. Use the graph below to predict what the results will look like if the null hypothesis is rejected. The total arousal counts in the control treatment at each interval is graphed for you (open bars). Justify your predictions. Null Supported Total Arousal counts Interval Null Rejected Total Arousal counts Interval NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE “No Bats in the Belfry” by Dechaine and Johnson Page 5 2 Credits: Title block photo by David A. Riggs (http://www.flickr.com/photos/driggs/6933593833/sizes/l/), cropped, used in accordance with CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Figure 1 photo by Kevin Wenner/Pennsylvania Game Commision (http://www. portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/901415/white-nose_kills_hundreds_of_bats_in_lackawanna_county_pdf ). Figure 2 photo courtesy of Ryan von Linden/New York Department of Environmental Conservation, http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwshq/5765048289/sizes/l/in/ set-72157626818845664/, used in accordance with CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en). Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Originally published February 6, 2014. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of this work. Part IV – Results Figure 3 (below) shows the real data from the study. There is no data for interval 4 bats that were exposed to the European P. destructans (gray bar) because all of the bats in that group died. Questions 1. How do your predictions compare with the experimental results? Be specific. 2. Do the results support or reject the null hypothesis? 3. If the European P. destructans is causing WNS in North America, how come European bats aren’t dying from the same disease? References U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. White-Nose Syndrome. Available at: http://whitenosesyndrome.org/. Last accessed December 20, 2013. Warnecke, L., et al. 2012. Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. PNAS Online Early Edition: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/ doi/10.1073/pnas.1200374109. Last accessed December 20, 2013. Figure 3. Changes in hibernation patterns in M. lucifugus following inoculation with North American P. destructans (NAGd), European P. destructans (EUGd), or the control serum. Interval Total Arousal counts

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English 1 Professor Nielsen Essay One Topic and Guidelines The Context You are a non-profit organization Director of Fundraising, and your goal is to convince a wealthy individual to make a substantial donation to your cause. Choose from one of the following projects derived from the social issues from the course readings below: 1. The Prison Project: Reducing the incarceration rate and numbers in the U.S. 2. Birth Control Advocacy and Access: Supporting a birth control education and free product distribution in the U.S and/or internationally. 3. LGBT Advocacy: Funding education, campaigning, and lobbying for LGBT rights in the U.S. 4. Equality in Education: Supporting funding and scholarships for schools and individuals from less advantaged populations. 5. Migrant Welfare and Protection: Creating safe housing, food, and education for refugees. 6. Something else related to social justice?????? (See me if you have your own project idea). (animal welfare, women’s advocacy, housing, student loans and tuition affordability, etc.) Make a case for a donation of $2 million dollars to your cause by writing a funding request letter to the potential donor. This request is essentially a persuasive essay designed to convince your reader to support your cause. Below is a suggested format for organizing your letter, as well as guidelines for your work. I. The Basics Due: Tuesday, September 29, at Start of Class (Rough Draft). And Tuesday, October 6, at Start of Class (Final Draft) Length: 3-4 Pgs., double spaced in the correct format (see sample paper format template at the end of this document for format.) Font: Times New Roman, 12PT. Margins: 1 inch all around. See sample format at the end of this document for further formatting information. You are required to submit using this format. Check the sample on page five of this document carefully. Editing: Be sure to use the proofreading guide. In particular, avoid the big five errors. Revising: Read over your draft carefully several times. We will work toward revision together in class, but you will also need to revise on your own. Visit the Learning center if you need extra support. II. Organization and Content (Sample Outline Follows.) Use an organized format for your essay. The best way to ensure strong organization is to map out a plan for the content of your essay, using an outline, clustering, or other graphic representation of your key ideas. One potential format follows. Sample Method of Organizing Your Funding Letter: A. The Opening Paragraph 1. Start with some brief striking details to provide the initial background to your letter: facts, figures, brief description of one aspect of the problem- something compelling. 2. End your paragraph with a statement that briefly announces/introduces your organization without yet going into detail about your mission. State that you are requesting a donation and that your letter will describe the need for this donation. (Your Thesis) B. Body of the Letter: The Problem Make a stronger case for the problem your organization seeks to address by describing several aspects of it, using examples and details, as well as quotes from relevant class readings (be sure to cite these correctly). C. Body of the Letter: What Your Organization Will Do Describe some points of actions your group will take and ways that you will spend donor funds to address aspects of the problem you have already described. Choose three to five specific courses of action. Do not make these two extensive. They should be manageable and practical. D. Your Summary and Conclusion: Asking for Money 1. Briefly restate the problem and your organization’s goals using new wording when possible. 2. Connect the funds you need to your organization’s goals 3. Make your request for money. 4. End with a final compelling statement of why the donor should give. III. Strategies and Guidelines 1. Use the writing process steps to help you through your letter. 2. Use the proofreading guide to help you edit and the Learning Center on campus for support. 5. Cite all quotes with the author and page number. Create a works cited page at the end of your essay for the works you discuss. (See the MLA guide and sample student essays in your textbook for examples and step-by-step help with MLA. You may also pick up a guide at the campus writing center and ask them for extra help.) 6. This is NOT a research essay. Most background information should come from common knowledge, your own prior knowledge and experience, and the readings from class/the text. However, you may choose to include up one additional research source if necessary, provided this is a reliable source that you can cite correctly. Please visit OWL at Purdue University for a complete MLA citation guide. You text also has a chapter on MLA citation. 7. Follow the correct essay format for font, spacing, margins, heading, etc. (SEE sample in this document.) IV. Formatting: You are required to format your essay in the way that follows to receive full credit. • Page number in upper right-hand corner (Use “Insert” and “Pg. #”) • Times New Roman 12 Pt. font • Heading in left corner with title, student name, essay 1 (or 2, etc.), Eng 2, and date • Heading is single spaced • Skip two lines to start typing body of text • Body of text is double spaced • Margins remain at 1 inch all around. • DO NOT skip lines between paragraphs • Indent each paragraph five lines • Use MLA format for citation Continue to the next page for format sample. Title of Your Campaign Project (Choose something compelling.) Student Name Essay 1 English 1 Date Dear _______, Start typing your essay here, two lines down from heading. The body of your essay is double spaced, but the heading is only single spaced. Note the page number in the upper right-hand corner. Note the exact content of the heading. There is no title page for short essays, nor is there a title across the top. For short essays of just a few pages, this format is standard. The title goes at the top of the heading. All words in the title are capitalized except pronouns, prepositions, and articles. Do not make your margins greater that one inch. Make sure you use Times New Roman 12 Point font. Do not include graphics or images of any kind in most essays for this class (see me if you think you have an exception). When you reach the end of your paragraph, just hit return and continue typing. Do not skip lines between your paragraphs or over-indent your paragraphs; indent only five lines as marked in the ruler. Do not attempt to write less for your essay by enlarging the font, margins, or spacing. This paragraph demonstrates a good length for an introduction. You next paragraph should start here. This is the way your essay should look. You may use this template to help you format your essay by saving it to your desktop and keeping the settings. You will, of course, have two to three pages when you finish, but this is what the first page would look like roughly. If you include a quote, be sure to cite the author and page number and to include a works cited page at the end of your essay.

English 1 Professor Nielsen Essay One Topic and Guidelines The Context You are a non-profit organization Director of Fundraising, and your goal is to convince a wealthy individual to make a substantial donation to your cause. Choose from one of the following projects derived from the social issues from the course readings below: 1. The Prison Project: Reducing the incarceration rate and numbers in the U.S. 2. Birth Control Advocacy and Access: Supporting a birth control education and free product distribution in the U.S and/or internationally. 3. LGBT Advocacy: Funding education, campaigning, and lobbying for LGBT rights in the U.S. 4. Equality in Education: Supporting funding and scholarships for schools and individuals from less advantaged populations. 5. Migrant Welfare and Protection: Creating safe housing, food, and education for refugees. 6. Something else related to social justice?????? (See me if you have your own project idea). (animal welfare, women’s advocacy, housing, student loans and tuition affordability, etc.) Make a case for a donation of $2 million dollars to your cause by writing a funding request letter to the potential donor. This request is essentially a persuasive essay designed to convince your reader to support your cause. Below is a suggested format for organizing your letter, as well as guidelines for your work. I. The Basics Due: Tuesday, September 29, at Start of Class (Rough Draft). And Tuesday, October 6, at Start of Class (Final Draft) Length: 3-4 Pgs., double spaced in the correct format (see sample paper format template at the end of this document for format.) Font: Times New Roman, 12PT. Margins: 1 inch all around. See sample format at the end of this document for further formatting information. You are required to submit using this format. Check the sample on page five of this document carefully. Editing: Be sure to use the proofreading guide. In particular, avoid the big five errors. Revising: Read over your draft carefully several times. We will work toward revision together in class, but you will also need to revise on your own. Visit the Learning center if you need extra support. II. Organization and Content (Sample Outline Follows.) Use an organized format for your essay. The best way to ensure strong organization is to map out a plan for the content of your essay, using an outline, clustering, or other graphic representation of your key ideas. One potential format follows. Sample Method of Organizing Your Funding Letter: A. The Opening Paragraph 1. Start with some brief striking details to provide the initial background to your letter: facts, figures, brief description of one aspect of the problem- something compelling. 2. End your paragraph with a statement that briefly announces/introduces your organization without yet going into detail about your mission. State that you are requesting a donation and that your letter will describe the need for this donation. (Your Thesis) B. Body of the Letter: The Problem Make a stronger case for the problem your organization seeks to address by describing several aspects of it, using examples and details, as well as quotes from relevant class readings (be sure to cite these correctly). C. Body of the Letter: What Your Organization Will Do Describe some points of actions your group will take and ways that you will spend donor funds to address aspects of the problem you have already described. Choose three to five specific courses of action. Do not make these two extensive. They should be manageable and practical. D. Your Summary and Conclusion: Asking for Money 1. Briefly restate the problem and your organization’s goals using new wording when possible. 2. Connect the funds you need to your organization’s goals 3. Make your request for money. 4. End with a final compelling statement of why the donor should give. III. Strategies and Guidelines 1. Use the writing process steps to help you through your letter. 2. Use the proofreading guide to help you edit and the Learning Center on campus for support. 5. Cite all quotes with the author and page number. Create a works cited page at the end of your essay for the works you discuss. (See the MLA guide and sample student essays in your textbook for examples and step-by-step help with MLA. You may also pick up a guide at the campus writing center and ask them for extra help.) 6. This is NOT a research essay. Most background information should come from common knowledge, your own prior knowledge and experience, and the readings from class/the text. However, you may choose to include up one additional research source if necessary, provided this is a reliable source that you can cite correctly. Please visit OWL at Purdue University for a complete MLA citation guide. You text also has a chapter on MLA citation. 7. Follow the correct essay format for font, spacing, margins, heading, etc. (SEE sample in this document.) IV. Formatting: You are required to format your essay in the way that follows to receive full credit. • Page number in upper right-hand corner (Use “Insert” and “Pg. #”) • Times New Roman 12 Pt. font • Heading in left corner with title, student name, essay 1 (or 2, etc.), Eng 2, and date • Heading is single spaced • Skip two lines to start typing body of text • Body of text is double spaced • Margins remain at 1 inch all around. • DO NOT skip lines between paragraphs • Indent each paragraph five lines • Use MLA format for citation Continue to the next page for format sample. Title of Your Campaign Project (Choose something compelling.) Student Name Essay 1 English 1 Date Dear _______, Start typing your essay here, two lines down from heading. The body of your essay is double spaced, but the heading is only single spaced. Note the page number in the upper right-hand corner. Note the exact content of the heading. There is no title page for short essays, nor is there a title across the top. For short essays of just a few pages, this format is standard. The title goes at the top of the heading. All words in the title are capitalized except pronouns, prepositions, and articles. Do not make your margins greater that one inch. Make sure you use Times New Roman 12 Point font. Do not include graphics or images of any kind in most essays for this class (see me if you think you have an exception). When you reach the end of your paragraph, just hit return and continue typing. Do not skip lines between your paragraphs or over-indent your paragraphs; indent only five lines as marked in the ruler. Do not attempt to write less for your essay by enlarging the font, margins, or spacing. This paragraph demonstrates a good length for an introduction. You next paragraph should start here. This is the way your essay should look. You may use this template to help you format your essay by saving it to your desktop and keeping the settings. You will, of course, have two to three pages when you finish, but this is what the first page would look like roughly. If you include a quote, be sure to cite the author and page number and to include a works cited page at the end of your essay.

Chapter 05 Reading Questions Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 1 Part A In the second stage of the demographic transition, called the mortality transition, the death rate _____ while the birth rate _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 2 Part A About a century ago, the population in Latin America moved from an agricultural to an urban-industrial base. During this period birth rates _____, death rates _____, and the overall population _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 16 Part A Over the course of human history, the greatest increases in human populations have been due to_____. ANSWER: increases, decreases decreases, decreases decreases, remains high or increases increases, remains high or increases stayed about the same, decreased, and the population grew even faster increased greatly, increased, declined decreased dramatically, decreased, declined stayed about the same, increased, increased Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 4 Part A Compared to women in the United States, women in poor countries such as Ethiopia typically have _____ children at _____ age. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 18 Part A Women in two developed countries have similar total fertility rates of 3.5. However, women in country A typically have their children about 2 years earlier than women in country B. How will the populations of the two countries compare? ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 19 Part A Overall population growth rates are most likely to be highest when the median age of a population is _____ and a country is in stage _____ of the demographic transition. ANSWER: improved medicine improved water supplies discovery of new land increased food production fewer, an older more, a younger more, an older fewer, a younger The population of country B will increase faster than country A. The population of country A will increase but the population of country B will decline. The population of country A will increase faster than country B. The populations of both countries will be stable, with similar totals and little increase or decrease. Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 20 Part A An age-structure diagram of a poor country in stage 1 of the demographic transition will be closest to the shape of _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 8 Part A Predictions about global growth rates have been difficult because of changes in human values and behavior largely based upon _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 9 Part A Because human suffering _____ as the human population approaches its carrying capacity, sustainability of the global human population must be _____ the carrying capacity of the Earth. ANSWER: older, 1 younger, 4 older, 3 younger, 2 the letter O, widest in the middle a pyramid, with a broad base and narrow top the letter V, widest at the top column, with even width from top to bottom shifting weather patterns increasing abilities to travel between countries the spread of infectious disease economic development Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 10 Part A The IPAT formula is used to estimate the _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 12 Part A If everyone in the world had the ecological footprint of people currently living in the United States and Canada, the world would _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 22 Part A If the population of the United States continues to grow and consumption levels also increase, we expect that the _____. ANSWER: increases, below decreases, above increases, above decreases, below birth rate of a population shift from one stage to another in the demographic transition age structure of a population ecological footprint of a society have just enough biocapacity without any additional population growth exceed its biocapacity by 40% still have enough biocapacity for 20% more humans exceed its biocapacity by five times over Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 24 Part A Given the increasing global population and increased rates of consumption in developing countries, the most likely avenue to sustainability is _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 13 Part A Which one of the following typically contributes to population growth? ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 14 Part A Members of the neo-Malthusian movement advocated for _____. ANSWER: ecological footprint will eventually exceed the biocapacity of the environment biocapacity will eventually exceed the ecological footprint of the environment United States will eventually become an ecological debtor ecological debt of the United States will continue to increase more efficient use of natural resources the discovery of ways to dramatically increase the global biocapacity to have developed countries use more natural resources from developing countries increase our reliance upon fossil fuels better education empowerment of women high infant mortality economic development Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 15 Part A China, Mexico, and India have all made progress in reducing the population growth rates in their countries by adopting policies that encourage _____. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 7 Part A Malthus found that populations in the American colonies were increasing _____ than populations on the European continent due to _____. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 0.0%. You received 0 out of a possible total of 17 points. increasing population size to support greater economic development birth control to limit population growth greater use of natural resources to increase the biocapacity of Earth to support a growing human population greater conservation of natural resources to limit the environmental impact of a growing human population limits on family size women to work only inside of their homes women to start having children at a younger age couples to marry earlier faster, no political conflicts or wars faster, greater resources were available in the American colonies slower, fewer resources were available in the American colonies slower, greater disease in the American colonies Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM

Chapter 05 Reading Questions Due: 11:59pm on Friday, May 23, 2014 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 1 Part A In the second stage of the demographic transition, called the mortality transition, the death rate ___ while the birth rate _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 2 Part A About a century ago, the population in Latin America moved from an agricultural to an urban-industrial base. During this period birth rates _, death rates _, and the overall population _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 16 Part A Over the course of human history, the greatest increases in human populations have been due to_. ANSWER: increases, decreases decreases, decreases decreases, remains high or increases increases, remains high or increases stayed about the same, decreased, and the population grew even faster increased greatly, increased, declined decreased dramatically, decreased, declined stayed about the same, increased, increased Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 1 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 4 Part A Compared to women in the United States, women in poor countries such as Ethiopia typically have _ children at _ age. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 18 Part A Women in two developed countries have similar total fertility rates of 3.5. However, women in country A typically have their children about 2 years earlier than women in country B. How will the populations of the two countries compare? ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 19 Part A Overall population growth rates are most likely to be highest when the median age of a population is _ and a country is in stage _ of the demographic transition. ANSWER: improved medicine improved water supplies discovery of new land increased food production fewer, an older more, a younger more, an older fewer, a younger The population of country B will increase faster than country A. The population of country A will increase but the population of country B will decline. The population of country A will increase faster than country B. The populations of both countries will be stable, with similar totals and little increase or decrease. Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 2 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 20 Part A An age-structure diagram of a poor country in stage 1 of the demographic transition will be closest to the shape of _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 8 Part A Predictions about global growth rates have been difficult because of changes in human values and behavior largely based upon _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 9 Part A Because human suffering _ as the human population approaches its carrying capacity, sustainability of the global human population must be _ the carrying capacity of the Earth. ANSWER: older, 1 younger, 4 older, 3 younger, 2 the letter O, widest in the middle a pyramid, with a broad base and narrow top the letter V, widest at the top column, with even width from top to bottom shifting weather patterns increasing abilities to travel between countries the spread of infectious disease economic development Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 3 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 10 Part A The IPAT formula is used to estimate the _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 12 Part A If everyone in the world had the ecological footprint of people currently living in the United States and Canada, the world would _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 22 Part A If the population of the United States continues to grow and consumption levels also increase, we expect that the _. ANSWER: increases, below decreases, above increases, above decreases, below birth rate of a population shift from one stage to another in the demographic transition age structure of a population ecological footprint of a society have just enough biocapacity without any additional population growth exceed its biocapacity by 40% still have enough biocapacity for 20% more humans exceed its biocapacity by five times over Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 4 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 24 Part A Given the increasing global population and increased rates of consumption in developing countries, the most likely avenue to sustainability is _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 13 Part A Which one of the following typically contributes to population growth? ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 14 Part A Members of the neo-Malthusian movement advocated for _. ANSWER: ecological footprint will eventually exceed the biocapacity of the environment biocapacity will eventually exceed the ecological footprint of the environment United States will eventually become an ecological debtor ecological debt of the United States will continue to increase more efficient use of natural resources the discovery of ways to dramatically increase the global biocapacity to have developed countries use more natural resources from developing countries increase our reliance upon fossil fuels better education empowerment of women high infant mortality economic development Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 5 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 15 Part A China, Mexico, and India have all made progress in reducing the population growth rates in their countries by adopting policies that encourage _. ANSWER: Chapter 5 Reading Quiz Question 7 Part A Malthus found that populations in the American colonies were increasing _ than populations on the European continent due to ___. ANSWER: Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 0.0%. You received 0 out of a possible total of 17 points. increasing population size to support greater economic development birth control to limit population growth greater use of natural resources to increase the biocapacity of Earth to support a growing human population greater conservation of natural resources to limit the environmental impact of a growing human population limits on family size women to work only inside of their homes women to start having children at a younger age couples to marry earlier faster, no political conflicts or wars faster, greater resources were available in the American colonies slower, fewer resources were available in the American colonies slower, greater disease in the American colonies Chapter 05 Reading Questions http://session.masteringenvironmentalscience.com/myct/assignmentPrintV… 6 of 6 5/21/2014 8:00 PM

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4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 1/4 Research Paper Due Saturday by 11:55pm Points 80 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload Available until Apr 9 at 11:59pm Submit Assignment Your research paper topic will be chosen from a disease that runs in your family. Genetics contribute to our risk of developing certain diseases and disorders. Researchers have found a genetic influence in many common disorders including heart disease, diabetes, depression, asthma, alcoholism, and certain forms of cancer. Knowing that a specific disease runs in your family allows you to watch for early warning signs and get screening tests more often than you otherwise would. Looking at your family health history can help you make important decisions about behaviors such as diet, maintaining a healthy weight, moderate alcohol consumption, and keeping physically active. For example, an individual with a family health history of high cholesterol and early heart disease can increase physical activity and pay special attention to certain aspects of their diet. Generally, the more relatives with a genetically linked disease and the closer they are related to you, the greater your risk of having the disease. Keep this in mind when choosing your research paper topic. If you do not use proper documentation (MLA or APA format look these up if you do not know what to do!) you will lose 25 points. Grading criteria is given below. Follow the steps below to help you complete the requirements for your research paper. 1. The content of your paper should include the following information about the disease, disorder, healthrelated condition or habit. Description Cause(s) Treatment Prevention Effect(s) of diet Effect(s) of activity/exercise 1. Use a minimum of five reliable sources. It is NEVER enough to simply put a URL or web link as a source on a Works Cited page. You must include titles of articles, names of authors and websites, dates of publication and/or dates you retrieved information, etc. Books Professional journals Personal interviews Reputable Internet sites Research articles ***See “Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information” at the bottom of this document. 3. You must document your research. Parenthetical citations must be used throughout your paper. You should put into your own words the information you learn from your research. Then, you must document from whom and where you found the information. This is done, for APA format, by putting the author’s name at the end of a sentence or paragraph with the date of the published information and enclosing it in parentheses. An example of this would be as follows: The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water (Wardlaw, 2010). I found the information in our textbook and used it in my research paper. I must give Wardlaw credit for the information and tell the reader where they can find the information. 4. Write your paper in MLA or APA format. If you are not familiar with either of these writing styles, you can go online to a search engine like Google or www.ask.com (http://www.ask.com/) and type in either MLA or APA format. This will give you several documents that will help you with proper documentation and format and will give you some examples. 5. The minimum length of your paper is six pages, doublespaced; 12 font with 1” margins. The minimum length does not include a Title page or the Works Cited/Reference page. 6. Write your paper using a word doc., double spaced and a 12 pt. font with 1” margins. 7. Submit your research paper. NOTE: Attachments submitted in a format other than .doc; docx (Microsoft Word) or .rtf (rich text format) cannot be read. The criteria below will be used to grade your research paper. The research paper is worth 80 points. 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 2/4 40 points for Format Doublespaced 12 point font Correct margins Parenthetical citations with correct punctuation MLA/APA documentation – consistent, complete, correct Proper format for Works Cited/Reference page 40 points for Content Introduction Covers the 6 content topics listed above Attracts interest States thesis – may indicate a “plan of development” Sticks to the purpose of the paper Meets criteria of 5 reliable sources Meets criteria for length (6 pages) Clear method of organization, correct sentence structure, readability and sentence length, uses transitions when appropriate and helpful Grammar, spelling and punctuation Conclusion – brings paper to a natural and graceful end Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information: The following suggestions may help when you are surfing the Web for health information. Domain names Choose sites with domain names that end in .gov or .edu, whenever possible. Many sites with a domain name ending in .org also are good sources of information. Although many domains ending with .com are reliable sources of information, this varies widely by site, and consumers should use good judgment when determining the validity and accuracy of information found on these sites. Mission statements Look for a mission statement that describes the organization and what its values are. Credentials and affiliations Look for the author’s credentials. Registered dietitians (RDs) are the best sources of nutrition information. People with the designations of master of public health (MPH) or certified health education specialist (CHES) also are reliable sources of information. Note that the designation “nutritionist” varies by state and does not always imply a formal education. Also research the author’s affiliations to determine if any conflict of interest exists. Updates Look for a recent date of last update to ensure that the information is timely. Peerreviewed content Look for peerreviewed information. This means that the article was checked for accuracy by a team of other welleducated professionals. Contact us Reliable Web sites will provide an email address for questions and feedback. References Articles should include references, as well as other reliable sources of information. Claims Beware of unrealistic claims, and remember that if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Never trust a Web site that implies that you can replace the nutrition of whole foods with supplements. Do not believe any claims that ask you to eliminate an entire group of food from your diet (eg, all carbohydrates or all dairy). Suggested Web sites 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 3/4 www.americanheart.org (http://www.americanheart.org/) : Provides nutrition and lifestyle advice to prevent and treat heart disease. Includes sections for patients, caregivers, health care professionals, researchers, and scientists. www.cancer.org (http://www.cancer.org/) : Offers information about the prevention and treatment of cancer. Features a Great American Eat Right Challenge section, including cooking and shopping tips, weight control guidance, and recipes. www.cspinet.org (http://www.cspinet.org/) : Features useful consumer information through the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer advocacy organization with twin missions—“to conduct innovative research and advocacy programs in health and nutrition, and to provide consumers with current, useful information about their health and wellbeing.” www.diabetes.org (http://www.diabetes.org/) : Includes diabetes research and information about the disease and treatment. Also provides information about preventing diabetes, special sections for parents and kids, and advocacy tips and resources. www.eatright.org (http://www.eatright.org/) : Contains nutrition information, nutritionrelated legislation, and a tool for locating a dietitian in your geographical location. www.fda.gov (http://www.fda.gov/) : Listsinformation from the US Food and Drug Administration about food safety, including food recalls, food additives, dietary supplements, and special interest areas broken down by age and sex. www.foodallergy.org (http://www.foodallergy.org/) : Provides information about common food allergies, anaphylaxis, advocacy, and research, as well as recipes and articles written specifically for the newly diagnosed, schools, and child care. www.mayohealth.org (http://www.mayohealth.org/) : Offers comprehensive guides on hundreds of conditions and a symptom search tool, as well as information on prescription and overthecounter drugs, medical tests and procedures, and tools for healthy living. www.ncahf.org (http://www.ncahf.org/) : Contains evaluations or food and nutrition fads and fallacies, provided by the National Council Against Health Fraud. www.niddk.nih.gov (http://www.niddk.nih.gov/) : Features information about diabetes, digestive health, and kidney disease, including nutrition tips, current research, and treatment options. Owned by the National Institutes of Health, the site offers quizzes to test your knowledge base, tutorials, slide shows, videos, podcasts, lesson plans, and classroom activities. www.nutrition.gov (http://www.nutrition.gov/) : Lists information on nutrition and dietary guidance from multiple government agencies, including the US Dept of Agriculture and the US Dept of Health and Human Services. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/ (http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/) : Includes information from the National Institutes of Health about metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other disorders. www.usda.gov (http://www.usda.gov/) : Provides information on food safety, MyPlate guidelines, child nutrition programs, and other information. Also on the Food and Nutrition Page, you can access the What’s in the Foods You Eat search tool, which allows you to view nutrient profiles for 13,000 foods commonly eaten in the United States. www.vrg.org (http://www.vrg.org/) : Offers vegetarian recipes and nutrition information. Others Sports Nutrition www.ais.org.au/nutrition/ (http://www.ais.org.au/nutrition/) www.gssiweb.org (http://www.gssiweb.org/) www.sportsnutritionsociety.org (http://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/) www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport) www.scandpg.org (http://www.scandpg.org/) http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications (http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications) www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut (http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut) Eating Disorders www.anred.com (http://www.anred.com/) 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 4/4 www.edap.com (http://www.edap.com/) www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm) Dietary Supplements http://abc.herbalgram.org (http://abc.herbalgram.org/) http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html (http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html) http://www.consumerlab.com/ (http://www.consumerlab.com/) http://www.supplementwatch.com/ (http://www.supplementwatch.com/) www.naturaldatabase.com (http://www.naturaldatabase.com/) www.ncaa.org (http://www.ncaa.org/) www.drugfreesport.com (http://www.drugfreesport.com/) http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/ (http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/) Exercise www.aahperd.org (http://www.aahperd.org/) www.acefitness.org (http://www.acefitness.org/) www.acsm.org (http://www.acsm.org/) www.ideafit.com (http://www.ideafit.com/) www.nata.org (http://www.nata.org/) www.nscalift. org (http://www.nscalift. org/) www.physsportsmed.com (http://www.physsportsmed.com/) http://exerciseismedicine.org/ (http://exerciseismedicine.org/) www.humankinetics.com (http://www.humankinetics.com/)

4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 1/4 Research Paper Due Saturday by 11:55pm Points 80 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload Available until Apr 9 at 11:59pm Submit Assignment Your research paper topic will be chosen from a disease that runs in your family. Genetics contribute to our risk of developing certain diseases and disorders. Researchers have found a genetic influence in many common disorders including heart disease, diabetes, depression, asthma, alcoholism, and certain forms of cancer. Knowing that a specific disease runs in your family allows you to watch for early warning signs and get screening tests more often than you otherwise would. Looking at your family health history can help you make important decisions about behaviors such as diet, maintaining a healthy weight, moderate alcohol consumption, and keeping physically active. For example, an individual with a family health history of high cholesterol and early heart disease can increase physical activity and pay special attention to certain aspects of their diet. Generally, the more relatives with a genetically linked disease and the closer they are related to you, the greater your risk of having the disease. Keep this in mind when choosing your research paper topic. If you do not use proper documentation (MLA or APA format look these up if you do not know what to do!) you will lose 25 points. Grading criteria is given below. Follow the steps below to help you complete the requirements for your research paper. 1. The content of your paper should include the following information about the disease, disorder, healthrelated condition or habit. Description Cause(s) Treatment Prevention Effect(s) of diet Effect(s) of activity/exercise 1. Use a minimum of five reliable sources. It is NEVER enough to simply put a URL or web link as a source on a Works Cited page. You must include titles of articles, names of authors and websites, dates of publication and/or dates you retrieved information, etc. Books Professional journals Personal interviews Reputable Internet sites Research articles ***See “Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information” at the bottom of this document. 3. You must document your research. Parenthetical citations must be used throughout your paper. You should put into your own words the information you learn from your research. Then, you must document from whom and where you found the information. This is done, for APA format, by putting the author’s name at the end of a sentence or paragraph with the date of the published information and enclosing it in parentheses. An example of this would be as follows: The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water (Wardlaw, 2010). I found the information in our textbook and used it in my research paper. I must give Wardlaw credit for the information and tell the reader where they can find the information. 4. Write your paper in MLA or APA format. If you are not familiar with either of these writing styles, you can go online to a search engine like Google or www.ask.com (http://www.ask.com/) and type in either MLA or APA format. This will give you several documents that will help you with proper documentation and format and will give you some examples. 5. The minimum length of your paper is six pages, doublespaced; 12 font with 1” margins. The minimum length does not include a Title page or the Works Cited/Reference page. 6. Write your paper using a word doc., double spaced and a 12 pt. font with 1” margins. 7. Submit your research paper. NOTE: Attachments submitted in a format other than .doc; docx (Microsoft Word) or .rtf (rich text format) cannot be read. The criteria below will be used to grade your research paper. The research paper is worth 80 points. 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 2/4 40 points for Format Doublespaced 12 point font Correct margins Parenthetical citations with correct punctuation MLA/APA documentation – consistent, complete, correct Proper format for Works Cited/Reference page 40 points for Content Introduction Covers the 6 content topics listed above Attracts interest States thesis – may indicate a “plan of development” Sticks to the purpose of the paper Meets criteria of 5 reliable sources Meets criteria for length (6 pages) Clear method of organization, correct sentence structure, readability and sentence length, uses transitions when appropriate and helpful Grammar, spelling and punctuation Conclusion – brings paper to a natural and graceful end Web Sites: Tips for Finding Reliable Health Information: The following suggestions may help when you are surfing the Web for health information. Domain names Choose sites with domain names that end in .gov or .edu, whenever possible. Many sites with a domain name ending in .org also are good sources of information. Although many domains ending with .com are reliable sources of information, this varies widely by site, and consumers should use good judgment when determining the validity and accuracy of information found on these sites. Mission statements Look for a mission statement that describes the organization and what its values are. Credentials and affiliations Look for the author’s credentials. Registered dietitians (RDs) are the best sources of nutrition information. People with the designations of master of public health (MPH) or certified health education specialist (CHES) also are reliable sources of information. Note that the designation “nutritionist” varies by state and does not always imply a formal education. Also research the author’s affiliations to determine if any conflict of interest exists. Updates Look for a recent date of last update to ensure that the information is timely. Peerreviewed content Look for peerreviewed information. This means that the article was checked for accuracy by a team of other welleducated professionals. Contact us Reliable Web sites will provide an email address for questions and feedback. References Articles should include references, as well as other reliable sources of information. Claims Beware of unrealistic claims, and remember that if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Never trust a Web site that implies that you can replace the nutrition of whole foods with supplements. Do not believe any claims that ask you to eliminate an entire group of food from your diet (eg, all carbohydrates or all dairy). Suggested Web sites 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 3/4 www.americanheart.org (http://www.americanheart.org/) : Provides nutrition and lifestyle advice to prevent and treat heart disease. Includes sections for patients, caregivers, health care professionals, researchers, and scientists. www.cancer.org (http://www.cancer.org/) : Offers information about the prevention and treatment of cancer. Features a Great American Eat Right Challenge section, including cooking and shopping tips, weight control guidance, and recipes. www.cspinet.org (http://www.cspinet.org/) : Features useful consumer information through the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer advocacy organization with twin missions—“to conduct innovative research and advocacy programs in health and nutrition, and to provide consumers with current, useful information about their health and wellbeing.” www.diabetes.org (http://www.diabetes.org/) : Includes diabetes research and information about the disease and treatment. Also provides information about preventing diabetes, special sections for parents and kids, and advocacy tips and resources. www.eatright.org (http://www.eatright.org/) : Contains nutrition information, nutritionrelated legislation, and a tool for locating a dietitian in your geographical location. www.fda.gov (http://www.fda.gov/) : Listsinformation from the US Food and Drug Administration about food safety, including food recalls, food additives, dietary supplements, and special interest areas broken down by age and sex. www.foodallergy.org (http://www.foodallergy.org/) : Provides information about common food allergies, anaphylaxis, advocacy, and research, as well as recipes and articles written specifically for the newly diagnosed, schools, and child care. www.mayohealth.org (http://www.mayohealth.org/) : Offers comprehensive guides on hundreds of conditions and a symptom search tool, as well as information on prescription and overthecounter drugs, medical tests and procedures, and tools for healthy living. www.ncahf.org (http://www.ncahf.org/) : Contains evaluations or food and nutrition fads and fallacies, provided by the National Council Against Health Fraud. www.niddk.nih.gov (http://www.niddk.nih.gov/) : Features information about diabetes, digestive health, and kidney disease, including nutrition tips, current research, and treatment options. Owned by the National Institutes of Health, the site offers quizzes to test your knowledge base, tutorials, slide shows, videos, podcasts, lesson plans, and classroom activities. www.nutrition.gov (http://www.nutrition.gov/) : Lists information on nutrition and dietary guidance from multiple government agencies, including the US Dept of Agriculture and the US Dept of Health and Human Services. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/ (http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/) : Includes information from the National Institutes of Health about metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other disorders. www.usda.gov (http://www.usda.gov/) : Provides information on food safety, MyPlate guidelines, child nutrition programs, and other information. Also on the Food and Nutrition Page, you can access the What’s in the Foods You Eat search tool, which allows you to view nutrient profiles for 13,000 foods commonly eaten in the United States. www.vrg.org (http://www.vrg.org/) : Offers vegetarian recipes and nutrition information. Others Sports Nutrition www.ais.org.au/nutrition/ (http://www.ais.org.au/nutrition/) www.gssiweb.org (http://www.gssiweb.org/) www.sportsnutritionsociety.org (http://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/) www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/nutrition/sport) www.scandpg.org (http://www.scandpg.org/) http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications (http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/publications) www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut (http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hsnut) Eating Disorders www.anred.com (http://www.anred.com/) 4/5/2017 Research Paper https://slcc.instructure.com/courses/394610/assignments/3541294 4/4 www.edap.com (http://www.edap.com/) www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm) Dietary Supplements http://abc.herbalgram.org (http://abc.herbalgram.org/) http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html (http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010301/913.html) http://www.consumerlab.com/ (http://www.consumerlab.com/) http://www.supplementwatch.com/ (http://www.supplementwatch.com/) www.naturaldatabase.com (http://www.naturaldatabase.com/) www.ncaa.org (http://www.ncaa.org/) www.drugfreesport.com (http://www.drugfreesport.com/) http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/ (http://dietarysupplements. nih.gov/) Exercise www.aahperd.org (http://www.aahperd.org/) www.acefitness.org (http://www.acefitness.org/) www.acsm.org (http://www.acsm.org/) www.ideafit.com (http://www.ideafit.com/) www.nata.org (http://www.nata.org/) www.nscalift. org (http://www.nscalift. org/) www.physsportsmed.com (http://www.physsportsmed.com/) http://exerciseismedicine.org/ (http://exerciseismedicine.org/) www.humankinetics.com (http://www.humankinetics.com/)

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39.) In the “unique plant” display, name the carnivorous plants. Plants are able to make their own food through photosynthesis, so why do these plants “eat” animals? (Hint—these plants typically grow in soil with low nutrient (e.g. nitrogen) content.)

39.) In the “unique plant” display, name the carnivorous plants. Plants are able to make their own food through photosynthesis, so why do these plants “eat” animals? (Hint—these plants typically grow in soil with low nutrient (e.g. nitrogen) content.)

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39.) In the “unique plant” display, name the carnivorous plants. Plants are able to make their own food through photosynthesis, so why do these plants “eat” animals? (Hint—these plants typically grow in soil with low nutrient (e.g. nitrogen) content.)